Primer pueblo de bioenergía en Alemania=
Introduction
Our
provision of heating and electricity supplies has to date relied to a large
extent on finite fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal. In many such cases=
we
are dependent on raw material imports. Carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse g=
as
bound over millions of years, is being released in a short period of time
through the burning of oil, gas and coal. The use of atomic energy is also
dependent on raw material imports, as all uranium deposits are located abro=
ad.
However energy provision, particularly in rural areas, can be based on dome=
stic
energy sources, such as wood, liquid manure, energy crops and other biomass.
The advantage of biomass as stored solar energy lies in its storage ability=
and
constant availability relative to requirements at a particular time. It can=
be
used as both a base load and peak load power source. The way in which such a
provision of heating and electricity supplies can be implemented is current=
ly
being put into action in the first model bioenergy village in Germany -
the village of Jühnde, near Göttingen.
Situation in der Zielregion
The
Interdisciplinary Centre for Sustainable Development (IZNE) of the Universi=
ties
of Göttingen and Kassel has initiated an action research project in the
village of Jühnde, near Göttingen in southern Lower Saxony. This
project looks at generating energy from domestic energy sources such as woo=
d,
straw, liquid manure, energy crops and other biomass. The village of
Jühnde has 750 inhabitants and the project management agency, IZNE, ch=
ose
it out of 17 villages in 2001 to be the pilot bioenergy village, primarily
because of its large number of farms. The ten full-time agricultural busine=
sses
supply liquid manure and garden waste for the biogas plant.
Scie=
ntists
in different fields are working in IZNE to implement environmentally-friend=
ly
ways of life. The primary aim of the bioenergy village project was and is to
implement the use of a sustainable, renewable energy source. Through concre=
te
research work, stimuli for the sustainable development of the region should
emanate from Jühnde and Agenda 21 activities will be supported. The
scientists have already deeply involved the population of Jühnde in the
planning process and have motivated the majority of the inhabitants to beco=
me
actively involved in the implementation of the project. In one survey of the
people of Jühnde, 85 percent of them described the idea as
"good" to "very good".The action research project is
divided into several phases:
Funding and Research Contract
This
project should demonstrate that, with the participation of local people, it=
is
possible to supply energy created solely from renewable raw materials to an
entire village. For this purpose, a one-off subsidy was needed in order to
ensure the commercial efficiency of this ambitious project. Financial suppo=
rt
came from the Federal Government (1.32 million euros in subsidies from the
Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture), the State of
Lower Saxony (€ 96k), the administrative district of Göttingen
(€ 100k), the community of Dransfeld through an equity investment of =
€
25k and the municipality of Jühnde (€ 25k). The operating company
had to raise a total of EUR 500,000 in equity. There was a further EUR 437,=
000
from the Federal Consumer Protection Ministry in Berlin and subsidies from =
the
Agency of Renewable Resources (FNR) for accompanying research by scientists=
of
the University of Göttingen.
Along
with the primary goal of using a sustainable, renewable energy source, ther=
e is
also a research contract incorporated with the project to find answers to t=
he
following questions:
Remit
&nbs=
p;The
municipality?s entire energy production has now been converted to biomass
usage. The Federal Minister Renate Künast (Federal Ministry of Consumer
Protection, Food and Agriculture) and Federal Minister Jürgen Trittin
(Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safet=
y)
were involved in the sod-turning ceremony on November 19, 2004. The biogas
plant and a connected combined heat and power generator (CHP) shall generate
and feed into the network at least as much electricity as is needed by the
village. The overall annual power requirement of the 220 households connect=
ed
up now currently amounts to approx. 2000 MWh and the heating requirement to
approx. 3500 MWh. The projected energy production of both biomass power and
heat generators lies at 4000 MWh of electricity and 5500 MWh of heat. These
generating stations will result in a reduction in CO2 emissions of 3,300 to=
nnes
annually.
Positive Effects for the Region
Along
with the climate protection effects, the project will also have regional
effects and will have advantages for the inhabitants of Jühnde
themselves - soil and water pollution control, preservation of
biodiversity, the stimulation of regional economic cycles and of course
independence from crude oil and natural gas. By changing to a means of ener=
gy
production which is more environmentally friendly, regionally available and=
a
constantly renewable biomass, the bioenergy village will demonstrate that
environmentally-friendly energy production in regional areas is not only te=
chnically
feasible, but affordable also. The possibilities that exist here are made c=
lear
by the fact that, for example, 2.5 kg of dry wood has the same heating valu=
e as
1 l of heating oil. While burning scarce heating oil releases additional ca=
rbon
dioxide (CO2) and causes climate change, the energetic use of wood or other
recent biomass involves using a raw material in a carbon-neutral cycle whic=
h is
therefore neutral to the environment also. Along with these ecological reas=
ons,
there are also tangible economic reasons for using domestic energy
sources - every inhabitant pays an average of € 500 per year for
electricity and heating. This money flows out of the region and into the
pockets of international oil and electricity companies. By using regional e=
nergy
sources, some of this money can stay in the region and contribute towards t=
he
retention and creation of jobs, particularly in agriculture, forestry, trade
and in the energy plant itself.
Technical Solution / Process
Elec=
tricity
and heat production
Sophisticated technical solutions were put forward for the conversion proce=
ss.
A combined heat and power generator operated with biogas was particularly
considered for the production of electricity and heat. The biogas is produc=
ed
in a biogas plant which utilises liquid manure, grass or maize silage, gard=
en
waste and other agricultural raw materials. The plant produces electricity =
for
feeding into the public grid, commensurate to local requirements. The
households continue to get their electricity from their previous electricity
supplier. The waste heat from the CHP can be used to cover the heating
requirements of the houses in Jühnde as far as is possible.
Addi=
tional
heat production
The centralised burning of wood chips or straw in a heating plant provided =
additional
heating in winter. As with home central heating, water is heated and
transported via the village's newly installed district heating network to t=
he
households in the village. Similarly as with electricity or water, the amou=
nt
of heating used in a household is metered and calculated accordingly. This
dispenses with the need for a household to otherwise invest in its own
central-heating boiler or oil and gas tanks. The individual houses no longer
need their own heating facilities; heat is supplied from the "village
central heating" via an underground heating network to the individual
houses, providing them with heating and warm water. Each house does however
need to have a heat exchanger installed in order to transfer the heat from =
the
district heating network to the domestic heating and water supply.
Dist=
rict
heating network
Laying a district heating network only makes ecological and economical sense
when a lot of households pull together. It is not enough for only ten or 20=
per
cent of households to get involved. It is important that the overwhelming
proportion of the population decide to connect to the district heating netw=
ork,
already three-quarters of the households in the case of Jühnde at this
time. The advantage for households is a secure, cost-efficient and convenie=
nt
heating supply which is independent of rising oil or gas prices or of impor=
ts.
Furthermore, this modernisation also makes an important contribution towards
the preservation of natural resources. In Jühnde, a 5500m long district
heating network for heating usage was built into the existing holding and h=
eat
exchangers and dial gauges were fitted in the households. A separate heat
contract applies for connection to the district heating network in Jüh=
nde.
Energy Concept of the Bioenergy Plant in
Jühnde
The
energy plant is composed of the following three main elements:
1. Haase biogas plant, 700 kW electrical and 740 kW thermal energy on =
the
basis of renewable raw materials and liquid manure
2. Biomass heating station with a 550 kW boiler with automatic feed fr=
om
the company Schmid Holzfeuerungen
3. District heating network for connecting the approx. 140 houses
The
functional principal is as follows:
Only renewable raw materials (e.g. rye, wheat, sunflowers, maize) and liquid
manure are fermented in the bio=
gas
plant. The methane resulting from this is converted into
electricity and heat in the combined heat and power generator. The electric=
ity
is fed into the public grid and the heat is transported to consumers as hot
water at around 80 degrees via the newly installed district heating network.
The biogas plant consists of a liquid manure mixing pit, a fermenter and
interim storage containers. The plant is only operated with biomass such as
liquid manure from cattle and swine and whole plant silage. These substances
are permitted by the Renewable Energy Sources Act. The energy released from
this is converted into electrical energy (feeding into the public grid of t=
he
energy provision company) and heat. The heat generated during the burning
process is transported via the district heating network to the households in
Jühnde in order to heat homes and to generate warm water. The heat base
load demand is covered by this. The fermentation residue which results is u=
sed
on agricultural crop land in accordance with regulations. The biogas produc=
tion
successfully began at the end of January 2006, and the biogas in the
fermentation residue stores, which are 40% full at this stage, was also
connected. Currently, the power station is running at 60% capacity and has
generated more than 800 MWh of electricity. Output shall increase further o=
ver
the coming weeks.
A
An
important step in the planning and implementation of the technical concept =
was
finding a project manager with suitable experience. In his function as proj=
ect
manager, Hans Erich Tannhäuser, graduate engineer, faithfully implemen=
ted
all matters to do with the realisation of the Bioenergy Village Jühnde
project. Together with the operating company and selected specialists, the
project came in within budget and was implemented to the highest quality
standards.
Company Profiles
What=
is
special about Betreibergesellsc=
haft
Bioenergiedorf Jühnde eG, the operating company which =
set
up and operates the bioenergy plant in Jühnde, is the involvement of t=
he
village. All farmers and heat consumers, along with the municipality and the
church, are members of the collective. The company articles also make it
possible to take on 25% of members from outside. Currently the operating
company has approx. 190 members.
The =
biogas
plant comes from the company HA=
ASE
Anlagenbau AG, Neumünster (www.haase.de). HAASE Anlage=
nbau
belongs to HAASE Energietechnik AG (founded in 1981). The company is a
specialist in environmental technology and plant construction, with main
focuses in the areas of energy technology, landfill technology (gas, water)=
and
biogas technology. The HAASE Group employs around 200 people, 150 of which =
are
engineers. In 2004, HAASE generated a turnover of 40.9 million euros and its
headquarters are located in Neumünster. HAASE has local operating bases
all across Germany and is represented by partners abroad. Founded in 1981 by
Harry Haase, the company built the Neumünster landfill power station in
1984, a pilot plant for the evaluation of landfill gas. On the basis of this
early experience in the construction of landfill gas plants, HAASE
Energietechnik has become a specialist in all environmental technologies
concerning landfills. Today the HAASE Group provides gas technology, energy
systems, water treatment, waste treatment, landfill technology and services=
in
these areas worldwide. Technology from Neumünster can be found in more
than 800 locations in Germany, Europe, Asia and Africa. While in the past t=
he
use of biogas from waste was primarily at the forefront, HAASE is now
increasingly engaged in generating energy from renewable raw materials. HAA=
SE
delivers all components, assembled and ready, in standardised containers for
everything from pump stations to combined heat and energy generators.
The
biomass heating station is an installation from the Swiss company <=
span
style=3D'font-family:Verdana'>Schmid Holzfeuerungen. Schmid=
AG is
a Swiss family business which has been involved in wood energy for 70 years=
and
employs approx. 140 people. The headquarters and production location are in
Eschlikon TG. Together with other offices in Switzerland, Schmid AG is
represented by sales and service offices in Germany and France also. Europe=
is
the primary market, but their installations are in use all over the globe.
According to its own information, Schmid AG is one of the world's leading f=
irms
in its sector.
Contact Partners in Germany
Bioe=
nergiedorf
Jühnde eG
Eckhard Fangmeier, Member of the Board and Spokesman
Hermann Kawe-Str.6
37127 Jühnde
Tel.: +49 - 5502 - 998384
Fax: +49 - 5502 - 998385
E-Mail: info@bioenergiedorf.de
http://www.bioenergiedorf.de/=
Dipl=
.-Ing.Hans
Erich Tannhäuser
Vivaldistr.14
37154 Northeim
Tel. +49 - 5551 - 9099348
Fax +49 - 5551 - 9099355
Email: info@umweltaufgaben.de=
www.umweltaufgaben.de
HAASE
Anlagenbau AG
Gadelander Straße 172
24531 Neumünster
Telefon +49 - 4321- 878-0
Telefax +49 - 4321 - 878-29
eMail: info@haase.de
http://www.haase.de/
IZNE
Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Prof. Dr. Hans Ruppert
Zentrum für Geowissenschaften
Goldschmidtstr. 3
37077 Göttingen
Tel. +49 - 551 - 399701
Fax: +49 - 551 - 399379
Further information
Bund=
esforschungsanstalt
für Landwirtschaft (FAL)
Prof. Weiland
Bundesallee 50
38116 Braunschweig
Phone: +49 - 531 596 0
Fax +49 - 531 596 1099
info@fal.de
http://www.fal.de/
Bund=
esministerium
für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMVEL)
11055 Berlin
Phone: 030/2006-0 oder 01888-529-0
Telefax: 030/2006-4262 oder 01888-529-4262
www.verbraucherministeriu=
m.de
Fach=
agentur
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (FNR)
Hofplatz 1
18276 Gülzow
Phone: +49 - 38 43 - 69 30-0
Fax +49 - 38 43 - 69 30-1 02
E-Mail: info@fnr.de
www.fnr.de
Schm=
id
Holzfeuerungen
Postfach 42
CH-8360 Eschlikon
Phone: +41 - 71 973 73 73
Fax. +41 - 71 973 73 70
info@holzfeuerung.ch
www.holzfeuerung.ch/
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p;
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